Páginas

1951 1953 ação alice amaral analogia andré aprendizagem arensberg armory show arte africana arte cinética arte indígena arte moderna arte norte-americana atenção barr basel basílio bauhaus beaubourg Bergamín berlim berman beuys bienal bienal de são paulo Brasília broodthaers bruggen burroughs caixa caixas-catálogo Carroll cartagena das índias cassady cèzzane chama cidade cladders cognição coleção colômbia cooperative mural workshops cor corso crescer crítica curadoria d'harnoncourt davies disperção distração dreier duchamp dylaby educativo enunciacão espaço expositivo estocolmo evans experiência exposição falar imagens felicidade fenomenologia ferllinghetti ferus gallery filliou Filóstrato flor fotografia gauguin gehry geração beat ginsberg guggenheim holanda hopps houston hultén imagem imaginários iminência internacional style invenção jean johns kastrup kawal kawara kerouak kienholz klee klüver kokoschka kuhn lágrimas lauand linguagem los angeles lunch macagy man ray manzoni máquina marat matarazzo matisse mcclure menil metropolitan museum of art milliet mitos moca moma mönchengladbach monitores munch museu museu de belas artes de houston museu de israel narrativa nova iorque novo realismo now gallery oblíquo obrist oldenburg onyme oramas pach palavra paris perfomance pfeiffer piano picasso pompidou Quignard rauschenberg raysse reddin reflexões relação revista habitat rockefeller rogers rothko sade saint-phalle sandberg são paulo saudade sentimento serafim serralves Société Anonyme society of independent artists spoerri stedelijk museum stravinsky sweeney syndell tamanho teatro teatro commune tempo tinguely transmissão de conhecimento ultvedt van gogh vanguarda vanguarda americana vanguarda européia vela veneza vínculos voz warhol weiss wrigth zanini

segunda-feira, 22 de agosto de 2011

Dorner, Alexander

http://www.dictionaryofarthistorians.org/dornera.htm

caixas-catálogo

Nas décadas de 60 e 70 os apoios financeiros à arte eram muito poucos e os catálogos de exposições eram praticamente inexistentes. O constrangimento financeiro do Museu Städtisches Mönchengladbach viria a revelar-se decisivo para o desenvolvimento das caixas Mönchengladbach. Johannes Cladders, o então director do Museu resolve fazer algo de diferente: pediu aos artistas que interviessem na produção dos seus catálogos a publicar. Um dos objectivos inerentes a este projecto era o de publicar algo único e singular, diferente das habituais brochuras ou catálogos de exposições. Assim, qualquer pessoa podia ter acesso a uma “obra de arte”, sem que isso implicasse um encargo financeiro dispendioso.

A primeira destas caixas foi criada por Joseph Beuys, seguiram.se nomes como Carl André, Robert Filliou, Piero Manzoni, Jasper Johns, Marcel Broodthaers, entre outros nomes reconhecidos do meio artístico.

mais texto aqui.

domingo, 21 de agosto de 2011

pontus hultén

nasceu em 1923, na Estocolmo, onde morreu em 2006.
entrevista realizada em 1996, em Paris

início profissional: teria se tornado um bom diretor de filmes, mas não teve oportunidade; início de curadoria com exposições na galeria The Collector, de Agnes Windlund [em Estocolmo]

cenário da arte sueca: aberto e generoso [com destaque para Oyvind Fahlströn];

panorama de exposições de arte: livrarias como bons espaços para expor jovens artistas sem assumir compromissos financeiros;

acontecimentos marcantes: declara o fato de muitos, galeristas principalmente, não divulgarem a obra de Duchamp, mas sua produção foi mais forte; galeria Arnaud outra importante galeria de Paris; a revista Cismaise, de Jean-Robert Amaud [onde viu o trabalho de Tinguely pela primeira vez]; a interdisciplinaridade do Museu Moderno de Estocolmo surgiu de forma natural pela sua relação com o público [que o entendia como lugar de encontro]; envolvimento com Tinguely e a Dylaby; relação com o cientista engenheiro Billy Klüver [que trabalhou junto de Rauschenberg, Whitman e Waldhauer]; atuação na Casa de Cultura de Estocolmo [com uma ideia de um espaço de laboratório, ateliê, teatro e museu/ um Pompidou mais revolucionário e numa cidade menor; relação com On Kawara [quem considera um dos artistas conceituais mais importantes]; participação na criação do Museu de Arte Contemporânea de Los Angeles [MoCA]; fundação do Instituito de Altos Estudos em Artes Plásticas em Paris [escola- laboratório/ com Buren, Sarkis e Fauchereau]; atuação no Museu Jean Tinguely em Basel e escrevendo suas memórias e o livro Beaubourg Justesse.

projetos de exposição: na galeria de Denise René em Paris [mostra de arte sueca/ espaço de encontro de artistas para discussões]; Paris - Nova Iorque [abertura para entrada de artistas norte-americanos na coleção de Pompidou - ajuda de Dominique de Menil, no Centre Pompidou, iniciou o encontros de muitas outras instituições culturais de Paris - bibliotecas e outros museus]; Paris - Berlim [conjunto de exposições de temática complexa e fácil de acompanhar]; Paris - Moscou [ênfase no eixo Leste- Oeste pelo seu desconhecimento, trocas entre diversas capitais culturais]; Paris - Paris[série que garantiu uma boa relação com o público]; retrospecitivas de Max Ernest, André Masson, Francis Picabia [todas no Grand Palais] e Vladimir Maiakóvski [Centro Nacional de Arte Contemporânea]; The Machine as seem at the end of mechanical age [no MoMA, sob a direção de Barr, de Leonardo da Vinci a Nam June Paik e Tinguely]; primeiras grandes individuais de Oldenburg e Warhol na Europa; Arte pop norte-americana [uma das primeiras de pop americano na Europa]; mostras de arte sueca em Paris [ Pentacle e Alernatives suédoises] e em Nova Iorque [Sleeping Beauty]; Poetry must be made by all! Transform the world! [no Museu Moderno de Estocolmo/ sobre mudar o mundo/ com uma equipe diversa]; Utopians and Visionaires [Museu Moderno de Estocolmo/ carater participativo/ a céu aberto/ interdisciplinar, com comunicações com outras parte do mundo e seminários/ visões de como seria o mundo em 81/ incentivo da participação do público e do uso do espaço expositivo e museal]; Futurism & Futurismi [primerira mostra dedicada aos futuristas]; exposição de Acimboldo [dedicada à memoria de Alfred Barr]; exposição de Duchamp [no Palazzo Grassi/ com documentos e obras]; The Fist Show [sobre a o significado de colecionar arte/ de 8 coleções/ no MoCA]; Automobile and Cullture [ no MoCA/ com Walter Hopps]; na Galeria de Artes e Exposições em Bonn, exposições importantes no final da carreira;

inspiração e influências: grande admiração pela obra de Duchamp e seu conceito de arte retiniana; Peter Weiss [que entendia que todas as formas de arte eram tudo a mesma coisa];

sobre curadoria: combinação de várias formas artísticas a partir da aproximação da obra de Duchamp e Max Ernest [que fizeram filmes, escritos e teatro] natural abordagem para uma exposição de artistas desse perfil; bons curadores: Sandberg [grande amizade], Knud Jensen, Robert Giron; percepção do conservadorismo do MoMA [pelo seu carater privado] e a liberdade do Stedelijk [estatal]; dedicação pelos catálogos de suas exposições como extensões da mostra [início aos grande formatos de muitas páginas] que era uma premissa de Sandberg, ele dava destaque as publicações mas também entendia que podia ser de diversas formas; estímulo na documentação e pesquisa que era a chave para desenvolver espírito coleivo e resistir as crises no museu;

museus: o diretor de museu deve criar público e se preocupar menos com grandes exposições; um museu não deve se identificar totalmente com uma pessoa [deixa a instituição vunerável e frágil]; admiração a Alfred Barr e René d’Harnoncourt [apogeu de ouro do MoMA]; uma coleção é fundamental para qualquer instituição sobreviver [com menos vulnerabilidade], é a real base da instituição; é contra a idéia de separar exposições de coleções; sobre o rico encontro da coleção com uma exposição temporária; saiu do MOCA porque tin se tornado um arrecadador de fundos ao invés de diretor;

arte dos anos 90: incoerente e com grande interesse nos anos 50.

minhas notas de:
uma breve história da curadoria
hans ulrich obrist
bei comunicação
2010

il corso del coltello

The original Houseball, made for the performance Il Corso del Coltello, was based on the idea that one could gather all one's possessions in a large cloth and tie them up in the form of a ball that would roll -- thereby making any other transportation unnecessary -- to its next destination. The house was left behind; its contents became a house in itself. In Il Corso del Coltello, the Houseball, second only to the Knife Ship as a thematic object, was made up of the possessions of Georgia Sandbag, a character played by Coosje, and it accompanied her on a journey across the Alps.

Later, Coosje came to see the Houseball as a symbol of displaced populations, the ordeal of refugees, and in 1993 she proposed a larger, permanent version of the sculpture for a site in Berlin, near what had been Checkpoint Charlie, the gate of entry in the Berlin Wall. The site was a traffic island, visible from all sides, in the midst of a new business complex. The Houseball was approved, but shortly after fabrication of the piece began, the site was returned to members of a family dispossessed during World War II who planned to put a building on it. Quite characteristically, the Houseball was again on the move.

mais texto aqui.
palestra de Gehry citando a performance. [aos 10minutos aprox.]

dylaby

In August 1962, given only three weeks for completion, these artists were invited to transform the southern wing of the museum into a place where audiences could experience and become immersed in art. Because the installations in Dylaby mainly consisted of old and everyday objects, almost everything was thrown away after the exhibition.

According to Pontus Hulten, Tinguely and he had been discussing the idea of a gigantic construction build by several artists together ever since their first meeting in 1955. Their aim was to ‘demolish the barriers surrounding art so that the spectator could become an active participant.’ Willem Sandberg had come to greatly admire the exuberant artist during Bewogen Beweging and, a year later, offered him an opportunity to realize his ideas for an exhibition at the Stedelijk.

A discussion between Willem Sandberg and Jean Tinguely in New York led to an exhibition constructed in the Stedelijk Museum by a group of artists, a ‘playful maze of sorts in which visitors would become participants.’3 This ‘Dynamic Labyrinth’, as controversial as it was innovative, was a collaboration between Jean Tinguely, Daniel Spoerri, Niki de Saint-Phalle, Martial Raysse, Per Olof Ultvedt and Robert Rauschenberg.

mais texto aqui.

"Em 'Dylaby" a exposição, realizada no Museu Stedelijk em Amsterdã em setembro de 1962 - diz Spoerri - criação de dois quartos ... Na segunda sala eu apliquei o princípio da plena escala planos trocadas (a mesma parte da armadilha), uma espécie de exposição de "arte kitsch no estilo do século passado, com a base da parede, esculturas, cadeiras e tapetes, foi girada em 90 graus e os visitantes se viram andando sobre um muro, onde pendurou as pinturas" que se aplica ²


imagem aqui.

centre pompidou

Le Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou est né de la volonté du Président Georges Pompidou de créer au cœur de Paris une institution culturelle originale entièrement vouée à la création moderne et contemporaine où les arts plastiques voisineraient avec le théâtre, la musique, le cinéma, les livres, les activités de parole...

Installé au coeur de Paris, dans un bâtiment à l'architecture emblématique du XXe siècle conçue par Renzo Piano et Richard Rogers, le Centre Pompidou a ouvert au public en 1977. Rénové de 1997 à décembre 1999, il a réouvert au public le 1er janvier 2000, en lui offrant des espaces muséaux agrandis, des surfaces d'accueil enrichies. Il est redevenu dès lors l'un des monuments les plus fréquentés de France. Recevant près de 6 millions de visiteurs par an, le Centre Pompidou aura ainsi accueilli, en 30 ans, près de 190 millions de visiteurs.

site oficial aqui.


Centre Georges Pompidou (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ ʒɔʁʒ pɔ̃pidu]; also known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement of Paris, near Les Halles, rue Montorgueil and the Marais. It was designed in the style of high-tech architecture.

It houses the Bibliothèque publique d'information, a vast public library, the Musée National d'Art Moderne which is the largest museum for modern art in Europe, and IRCAM, a centre for music and acoustic research. Because of its location, the Centre is known locally as Beaubourg. It is named after Georges Pompidou, the President of France from 1969 to 1974 who decided its creation, and was officially opened on 31 January 1977 by then-French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. The Centre Pompidou has had over 150 million visitors since 1977.
[wiki]

willem sandberg

As a representative of this association he became involved in the organization of exhibitions in the Amsterdam Stedelijk Museum, where he also was given assignments as designer. In 1938 he was appointed curator and assistant director under David Röell (q.v.). During the next ten years he was a member of the exhibition council for architecture and applied arts. One of his concerns was the protection of art works in wartime. He traveled to Spain to explore this problem, and published “Bescherming van kunstschatten in oorlogstijd.” After the German invasion in 1940, he joined the resistance. In 1945 he was appointed director of the Stedelijk Museum. In the same year he organized a retrospective of the work of the Groningen printer and painter Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman (1882-1945), who had been arrested by the Nazis and executed a few days before the liberation of the city of Groningen. Sandberg’s overall policy since he entered the museum was to adapt it to modern standards. The interior renovation began in 1938, and the new wing and further extensions were added in the 1950s. Sandberg published several articles on the modernization of the Stedelijk. He frequently organized international exhibitions, such as "COBRA" (1949), "De Stijl" (1951), "Bauen und Formen in Holland, 1920 bis Heute" (1958), "Van natuur tot kunst" (1960). In 1961, he coauthored with deputy director Hans Jaffé (q.v.) Kunst van heden in het Stedelijk. In 1962 Sandberg was involved in the organization of the exhibition "Art Since 1950" for the 1962 Seattle World’s Fair and in the same year he received an honorary doctorate from the University at Buffalo, New York. He also was awarded the 1962 Medal of AIGA (American Institute of Graphic Arts). The city of Amsterdam awarded him the Gold Medal. In December 1962 he retired from his position at the Stedelijk. On that occasion he received art works from about 100 artists, which he donated to the museum. He was succeeded by Edy de Wilde (director between 1963 and 1985) and by designer Wim Crouwel (b. 1928). Between 1964 and 1968, Sandberg spent most of his time in Jerusalem. He served as chairman of the Executive Committee of the Israel Museum, which opened in 1965. In 1969-1970 he lectured for a short time in the USA, at the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts of Harvard University. In 1975 he received the Erasmus Prize in Amsterdam, together with Ernst Gombrich (q.v.). Sandberg continued designing and publishing up to the 1980s. In 1982, he was honored with an exhibition which focused on his former position as museum man, in combination with his function as typographer, Sandberg, typograaf als museumman. After his death, in 1984, Sandberg’s legacy as designer and as pioneering museum director was highlighted in various exhibitions in The Netherlands and abroad, as well as in publications which continue appearing to this day.

peter weiss

Foi conhecido como artista plástico, diretor e roteirista de documentários e filmes de vanguarda. Durante essa época, conheceu Ginella Palmistierna que seria sua futura esposa.

Em 1964 escreve a peça Perseguição e Assassinato de Jean-Paul Marat Representado Pelo Grupo teatral do Hospício de Charenton Sob a Direção do Marqués de Sade, mais conhecida como Marat/Sade,a qual teve grande êxito.

Uma nova peça surge em 1971, Hölderling ( Hölderling, Stück in zein Akten) amparando-se na rica bibliografia do poeta, essa obra procura colocá-lo em confronto com Hegel, Schelling, Fichte, Goethe e Schiller. Após essa o autor volta a escrever sua peça de 1975 Estética da Resistência (Ästhetik dês Widerstands).

[wiki]

jean tinguely

(1925 – 1991)
The machine sculptures engage in a loud and multi-coloured conversation with the onlooker: Through his works, Jean Tinguely communicates and interacts with the spectator. The machine functions and becomes art. Tinguely’s artworks sparkle with wit, vitality, irony and poetry. Seen against a deeper background, though, they also reveal a feeling for tragicomedy, for the enigmatic and inscrutable.

1925: Born on May 22 in Fribourg. Mother and child move from Bulle to Basel in July 1925.
1931 – 1940: Schooling in Basel. 1941 – 1944: Apprenticeship as a decorator.
1944: Attends courses at the School of Arts and Crafts in Basel.
As of 1947: Frequents the circle of the Basel anarchist Heiner Koechlin.

site oficial do museu aqui.

Foi um dos fundadores do Novo Realismo, um movimento artístico que elege os materiais e elementos derivados da realidade cotidiana, como os desperdícios da sociedade de consumo, transformando-os em obras de arte. A sua obra denuncia uma estética e uma conceptualização próximas do dadaísmo. As esculturas, numa espécie de celebração da ciência e do progresso tecnológico que marcou o após-guerra, são máquinas satíricas com funções e formas diversas, normalmente inúteis e absurdas, com movimentos descoordenados.

Paradigmático da sua obra, a escultura Chariot MK IV , 1966, constituída por um conjunto de rodas e de engrenagens assamblados para produzir uma máquina que simula ter uma função.

Em trabalhos anteriores, estas máquinas eram realizadas para produzir desenhos abstractos, numa crítica ao expressionismo abstrato que se valia do gesto espontâneo e de certa forma gratuito e vulgarizado.

Outra obra famosa foi a escultura que apresentou no Museu de Arte Moderna de Nova Iorque, cuja função foi a de se auto-destruir. Mais tarde, produz eventos multimédia de grande escala, exteriores, nos quais o espectador é encorajado a interagir com as suas grandes esculturas.

A introdução de movimento físico real nas obras de arte, que se tornava mais frequente na década de 50, na produção criativa de alguns autores, entre os quais Tinguely, permitiu a constituição de uma corrente artística, designado por arte cinética.
[wiki]

walter hopps

nasceu em1923, na Califórnia. morreu em 2005, em Los Angeles
entrevista realizada em 1996, em Houston, Texas

início com sociedade fotográfica e projetos de exposições, gerenciando um negócio de jazz e uma pequena galeria - Syndell Studio.

arte contemporânea norte-americana na California: falta da visibilidade, mas quando ocorriam eram muito bem recebidas

textos críticos: principal acesso ao Clement Greemberg [controveso e arrogante] e [belos escritos] de Harold Rosemberg e Thomas Hess.

panorama de exposições de arte nos EUA: ápice do expressionismo abstrato em Nova Iorque de 1946 a 1951; período de início das principais coleções 1913 [Arensberg, Duncan e Marjorie Phillips; período de 1913 a 1924 pouca atividade nos museus; 1924 saída de Arenberg de Nova Iorque para o sul da Califórnia que garantiu uma chancela à arte contemporânea; lento aparecimento de artistas californianos em exposições de museus; expressionismo abstrato desponta em São Francisco; entre os artistas que começaram a assemblage Wallace Berman; intelectuais que influenciaram a geração beat Kenneth Rexroth, Ginsberg, Kerouac e Philip Wharlen; abertura [a-partidária] de Los Angeles e da Costa Leste; cita a importância e diferenças entre de Ed Kienholz e Wallace Berman;

acontecimentos marcantes: Katherine Dreier com Duchamp e Man Ray fundaram o primeiro museu moderno nos Estados Unidos; kunsthalles européias como uma espécie de laboratório de artistas [sem a pressão do público ou do grande espaço], citando Dominique de Menil e sua coleção; grande envolvimento com a obras de Rauschenberg [“o artista mais enciclopédico da nossa época”, segundo ele]; Action 1 [na época da Syndell Studio ainda]; The Automoble and Culture [a exposição deve o título ao Pontus Hultén e aproximou o público dos museus]; abertra da galeria Ferus com Kienholz [espaço mais privado - restrito - que inicialmente tinha a intenção de se aproximar de um espaço de ateliê de artsita ou um salão dirigido pelos próprios, mas que se transformou em um empreendimento totalmente comercial com a entrada de Irving Blum]

projetos de exposição: [projeto] sobre 1951, com cem artistas representados por uma única obra [expressionista abstrata]; Thirty- Six Hours [36 horas recebendo e expondo obras de qualquer pessoa que chegasse]; 100 mil imagens [p.s.i em Nova Iorque]; Novas Pinturas de Objetos Comuns [com trabalhos do pré-pop];

inspiração e influências: Galeria 291 de Stieglitz [primero a expor Picasso e Matisse nos EUA]; o regente Willen Mengelberg; a curadora Katherine Dreier, Alfred Barr, James Johnson Sweeney, René d’Harnoncourt, Jermayne MacAgy

sobre curadoria: uma boa curadoria de um artistas [apresentação de uma obra numa exposição exige a maior compreensão e sensibilidade do curador, um conhecimento além do que é exposto; opção sempre pela maneira mais simples de fazer algo; orquestrar e trazer à tona o que já está lá, mas com uma estratégia para cada artista; deve ser um administrador, amador, bibliotecário, gerente, contador vigilante, transportador, animador , comunicador e pesquisador: ‘não se pode prever o que o curador pode ter que fazer’; relação de trabalho de uma pequena galeria [Ferus] para um grande museu [Museu de Arte de Pasadena]; anseios para a próxima geração [menos preocupada com status e mais crente nos espaços de arte como laboratórios], por artistas mais empreendedores [menos dependentes de galerias] e por exposições radicais ou arbitrárias [interculturais ou intertemporais];

MacAgy e Rothko: No início, aqui em Houston, quando montou uma exposição de Rothko, ela tomou um outro rumo e colocou belas flores na entrada, flores vivas, canteiros. Foi m lembrete universal de que as flores têm cor; você simplesmente relaxa e frui a beleza delas. foi um lembrete muito interessante de que os observadores não deveriam ficar angustiados com a obra de Rothko, porque não há imagem ou tema ali. O que é a imagem de uma flor? É apenas uma cor; é uma flor.”

minhas notas de:
uma breve história da curadoria
hans ulrich obrist
bei comunicação
2010

MacAgy e Rothko

"No início, aqui em Houston, quando montou uma exposição de Rothko, ela tomou um outro rumo e colocou belas flores na entrada, flores vivas, canteiros. Foi m lembrete universal de que as flores têm cor; você simplesmente relaxa e frui a beleza delas. foi um lembrete muito interessante de que os observadores não deveriam ficar angustiados com a obra de Rothko, porque não há imagem ou tema ali. O que é a imagem de uma flor? É apenas uma cor; é uma flor.”
Walter Hopps in Um abreve história da curadoria de Hans Ulrich Olbrist.

sábado, 20 de agosto de 2011

rené d'harnoncourt


Director of the Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1949-1967. d'Harnoncourt was born into a wealthy Viennese family, Count Hubert and Julie Mittrowsky d'Harnoncourt. The family moved to Graz, where he initially intended on a career as a chemist, studying at the university in Graz. He moved to the Technische Hochschule in Vienna in1922, writing a thesis on creosote content in the coal of Yugoslavia, without graduating. When the family fortuned declined after World War I, d'Harnoncourt moved to Mexico in 1925 to seek employment as a chemist. His personal interest in and talent for art caught the notice of various antiques dealers. By 1927 he was assembling a collection of folk arts, which traveled to the United States. The show, which opened in at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY, in 1930, rocketed d'Harnoncourt to prominence, including a radio program of his own, "Art in America" (1933-34). In 1932 he married Chicago fashion designer Sara Carr. Between 1934 and 1937 he taught at Sara Lawrence College and the New School for Social Research. In 1936 he was appointed an administrator in the Indian Arts and Crafts Board, part of the Department of the Interior. d'Harnoncourt mounted one of the first national exhibitions of native-American arts at the Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco in 1939. In 1944 he was appointed to the Museum of Modern Art, NY., to help with the duties of the recently dismissed founder of MoMA, Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (q.v.). d'Harnoncourt's sensitivity to the situation (Barr was eventually reinstated as a curatorial advisor) and gentle personality allowed both men to function positively. d'Harnoncourt was an expert museum installer as well as collector. He mounted the shows "Henry Moore" (1946), "Gabo and Pevsner" (1948), in his capacity. In 1949 d'Harnoncourt was appointed Director of the Museum. Under his directorship, the Museum mounted the exhibitions "Lipschitz" (1954), "Seurat and Arp" (1958), "Picasso" (1967) and "Rodin" (1963). He nutured innovative curators such as Mildred Constantine (q.v.), the first curator of graphic arts. He reached out to many New York artists, including major abstract expressionists, who had perceived that the museum had ignored their work in favor of European artists. d'Harnoncourt also served as art advisor and to Nelson Rockefeller's personal art collection serving as vice president for Rockefeller's Museum of Primitive Art from its beginning in 1957. Like, Barr, too, d'Harnoncourt saw his mission to champion modern art to the greater public: when the American Legion magazine launched an attack against modern art in 1955, d'Harnoncourt issued an extended reply. Under his directorship, the East Wing of the museum (designed by Philip Johnson) was built in 1958. He retired in 1968 and was succeeded by Bates Lowry (q.v.). Only a year after his retirement to Long Island, he was hit by a drunk driver and killed while walking. His daughter was the Director of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Anne d'Harnoncourt (q.v.) and his nephew is the conductor Nikolaus Harnoncourt. His photographic collection from his years in Mexico comprise part of the Benson Latin American Collection, General Libraries, University of Texas at Austin.

mais texto aqui.

coleção menil


Located in Houston’s Museum District, the Menil campus is anchored by Renzo Piano’s first American building. This landmark structure houses one of the world’s great (and growing) art collections. Here we display ever-changing exhibitions that range from antiquities to modern and contemporary art. Throughout the year we also present a full calendar of public programs and events.

site oficial.

james johnson sweeney

Curator of the Museum of Modern Art 1935-46 and director of the Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1952-60. Sweeney was the son of a prosperous importer of laces and textiles whose family had come from Donegal, Ireland. He attended officers' training school in Louisville, KY, during World War I. He earned a B.A. degree at Georgetown University in Washington, DC. In college he was a guard on the football team and, as a graduate student in literature at Cambridge University played on the rugby team. He was champion a shot-putter at both schools. Sweeney was an editor of the Paris literary magazine Transition, assisting James Joyce in editing the manuscript of Joyce's ''Work in Progress.''

In 1935 Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (q.v.) appointed Sweeney to be a curator of his new Museum of Modern Art. Sweeney commissioned the photographer Walker Evans (1903–1975) to photograph 477 African art works for the exhibition, "African Negro Art," which opened at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 1935. The show comprised 603 sculptures and textiles from public and private collections in Europe and the United States and was the largest presentation of African sculpture in an American art museum, seconded only by an exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum in 1923. Between 1935 and 1946, he served as director of the department of painting and sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. Other shows he organized included the memorial exhibition of the works of Piet Mondrian. Sweeney resigned when a change in administrative structure abridged his authority.

In 1952, he was appointed director of the Guggenheim Museum, after the dismissal of the founding director Hilla Rebay (q.v.). He served as director during the construction of Frank Lloyd Wright building. Together with the approval of Board President Harry Guggenheim (1890-1970), Soloman Guggenheim's son, he changed Rebay's narrow focus of the museum's ''nonobjective'' art by launching shows and purchasing works of other modernists and younger European and American artists. Aline Saarinen, art critic for The New York Times, characterized his tenure as having ''symbolically as well as literally swept the place clean,'' painting the walls white, removing pictures from distracting frames and replacing the second-rate pictures of Rudolf Bauer and Rebay herself with first-rank modernist works heretofore kept in storage at the museum. Sweeney, however, disliked the Wright building, which he believed did not show pictures to best advantage. Although he devised a method of hanging pictures using rods projecting from the walls, he always asserted Wright's museum was an architectural showpiece rather than one for the art. When Harry Guggenheim asked for a more popular educational approach to the public, Sweeney resigned. He was appointed director of the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston in 1961. In Houston he acquired ancient Greek and New Guinea sculptures as well as those by Rodin and Calder. Sweeney once organized a 16-ton Olmec head he had spotted half buried in a Mexican jungle to come to Houston as part of a show of Mexican art he had organized. However Sweeney once again left over trustee interference with his running of the museum. Sweeney served in the early 1970's as art adviser and chairman of the executive committee at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.

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alfred barr


Barr is arguably the catalyst for the American public's acceptance of and enthusiasm for modern art in the latter half of the 20th century. His work with The Museum of Modern Art helped secure modern art's place as an institution, rather than just a fleeting trend. Art historian and critic Thomas B. Hess once praised the work of Barr, and stated he was a man "whose taste and knowledge has set an international example to all who are interested in the fields of modern art."

One of Barr's more ambitious goals was to help establish a permanent collection at MoMA, to which the Museum's Board of Trustees finally agreed in 1953. Barr saw a permanent collection at MoMA as something that would secure modern art's place in the annals of Art History, and would finally make the Museum what he intended it to be from the beginning: a home to the greatest collection of modern art in the world. The works he selected for display at MoMA by artists such as Picasso, Matisse, van Gogh, Cézanne, and Gauguin (many of whom are in the Museum's permanent collection today), eventually formed the canon of modern art history.

Among his greatest innovations was the establishment of six different curatorial departments at MoMA: Painting and Sculpture, Drawings, Prints and Illustrated Books, Film, Photography, and Architecture and Design.

Barr may or may not have coined the term "International Style" for a movement in modern, Bauhaus-influenced architecture made popular by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson. Some have attributed the term's origin to the architects rather than Barr.

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wallace berman


Berman died in Topanga Canyon in 1976 at the age of fifty. His art embodied the kind of interdisciplinary leanings and interests that, in time, would come to help characterize the Beat movement as a whole. In addition to his art, Berman wrote poetry, composed rhythm and blues tunes, and collaborated, at one time, with legendary bluesman Jimmy Wither-spoon.

People generally associate the Beat Generation more with literature and poetry than with visual art. Last year's exhibition at the Whitney Musuem of American Art did its best to alter that perception, though even much of the work featured there was produced by Allen Ginsberg, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Michael McClure, and other writers with whom the Beat Generation is most widely identified.

What may be perceived as somewhat ironic in this regard is that these same writers, in addition to dabbling in visual art themselves, greatly admired, if not idolized certain painters, perhaps finding in their work a kind of primal and direct sense of self-expression toward which their own writing aspired. Wallace Berman was one of the Beat artists most admired by his peers and, as this show displays, with very good reason.

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edward kienholz

Edward Kienholz cresceu em uma fazenda na parte oriental do estado de Washington. Aprendeu carpintaria e mecânica em sua juventude. Estudou no Colégio de Educação de Washington Oriental e, por um curto período, no Colégio Whitworth em Spokane, mas não recebeu qualquer formação artística formal. Depois de uma série de empregos, como o de enfermeiro em um hospital psiquiátrico, diretor de uma banda de música, vendedor de carros usados, prestador de serviço de bufê, decorador e de vendedor de aspirador de pó, Kienholz se estabeleceu em Los Angeles, onde ele se envolveu com as artes.
Juntamente com outros artistas avant-garde na área, ele abriu galerias de arte. Em 1956 fundou a NOW Gallery. Em 1957 Kienholz iniciou a Ferus Gallery com Walter Hopps. Em 1961 completou a sua primeira instalação, "Roxys", que causou uma agitação na exibição da documenta "4" em 1968.

Apesar de sua falta de formação artística formal, Keinholz começou a utilizar os seus conhecimentos em mecânica e carpintaria na produção de pinturas em colagem e relevos feito com materiais recolhidos das avenidas e ruas da cidade. Em 1960 ele se retirou da Ferus Gallery para se concentrar em sua arte, criando objetos suspensos e enormes figuras geométricas. As montagens de Kienholz feitas com objetos do cotidiano são às vezes vulgares, brutais e horríveis, confrontando o espectador com perguntas sobre a existência humana e a desumanidade da sociedade do século XX. Devido a sua linguagem satírica e não convencional, seu trabalho tem sido freqüentemente relacionado ao movimento de arte do medo fundado em San Francisco na década de 1960.

No início da década de 1970, Kienholz recebeu uma doação que lhe permitiu trabalhar em Berlim com sua esposa e colaboradora, Nancy Reddin, que ele havia conhecido em 1972 em Los Angeles. Seu trabalho foi muito bem recebido pela crítica especializada, principalmente da Europa. Seus mais importantes trabalhos durante esse período foram os Volksempfänger (aparelhos de rádio do período Nacional Socialista na Alemanha). Em 1973 ele foi o artista convidado do Serviço Alemão de Intercâmbio Acadêmico em Berlim e em 1975 recebeu o Guggenheim Award. Em 1977 abriu "A Fé e Caridade" na Hope Gallery com Nancy Reddin. Desde o tempo da exposição Die Kienholz-Frauen na Galeria Maeght em Zurique, 1981, seu trabalho foi em co-autoria com sua esposa. Em 1973, Kienholz e Reddin se mudaram para Los Angeles para a cidade de Hope, Idaho e pelos próximos vinte anos eles dividiram seu tempo entre Berlim e Idaho. Kienholz morreu em Idaho em 1994.

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geração beat

"a geração beat inclui qualquer pessoa de 15 a 55 anos que se interessa por tudo. É bom lembrar que não somos boêmios. A geração beat é basicamente uma geração religiosa. Beat significa beatitude e não um sentimento de fracasso. é fácil peceber isso. está no ritmo do jazz, está no rock em plena rua."
Kerouac

société anonyme

Around this time, in 1920, Dreier, Duchamp, and Man Ray met in Dreier's apartment (the Arensberg's had escaped to the West Coast) to found a centre for the study and promotion of of the international avant-garde. Dreier wanted to call it "The Modern Ark," perhaps symbolising her shipping an unrivalled collection of European Modernism over the Atlantic, but Man Ray suggested a typically tedious Dada word game: the French term for "incorporated," so the name would read "Société Anonyme, Inc." which translates into "Incorporated, Inc." Dreier added the subtitle "Museum of Modern Art: 1920." Ray's involvement was largely inconsequential.

As with much of the avant garde they had to create their own means of showing their work, the Société Anonyme, was used as an exhibition vehicle for the next ten years. It organised an extensive series of exhibitions, lectures, symposia, publications and established a reference library and acquisitions programme: all for the support of modern artists and the education of the general public.

Throughout the twenties Anonyme was New York's first museum of modern art, presenting an international array of cubists, constructivists, expressionists, futurists, Bauhaus artists, and dadaists. It hosted the first American one-person shows of Kandinsky, Klee, Campendonk, and Leger. Société Anonyme promoted some of the most progressive artistic experimentation to be done in the US country at the time.

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katherine dreier

In 1912, in New York she became treasurer of the German Home for Recreation of Women and Children and helped to found the Little Italy Neighborhood Association in Brooklyn. She was invited to exhibit her own work and her collection in the influential 1913 Armory Show. Contemporary criticism of her work reduced Dreier's status to a "decorator" locating her within the amateur field, producing in a less sophisticated medium - despite the decorative arts being an essential source of inspiration for many avant-garde painters and sculptors.

The invisibility of Dreier and many other women who participated in the Armory Show - and in avant-garde circles in general - begins with criticism that dismissed women who made art works connected to the schools of Modernism as imitative, rather than capable of assimilating theories by canonical artists. The Armory Show was dependent on a number of women artists who participated in the growth of modern art in New York in the years around the 1913 exhibition, yet the critical reception of this, such as Frank Crowninshield's 'Armory Show' in Vogue, 1940, Mayer Shapiro's and Milton Brown's writing have conditioned perceptions of the period to see affluent women as mere collectors because they were the wives and daughters of the "magnates." But aspects of patronage had began to shift from the industrial capitalists - guided merely by a desire to amass more wealth - to a new class of 'cultural aesthetes' who were:

"...the readers and followers of Neitzsche, Bergson, Whitman, Veblen, and often Blavatsky. They represented a professed desire to keep the art market autonomous from the markets for other goods where "it is not for the maker to set the goal for art, but for the buyer."

In 1914 Dreier formed the Cooperative Mural Workshops, a combination art school and workshop modeled in part after the Arts and Crafts movement and the Omega Workshops of Roger Fry. The organisation, which operated until 1917, also included the dancer Isadora Duncan. In her painting Dreier began working toward non-representational portraiture, and in 1916 she was invited to help found the Society of Independent Artists (SIA) which brought her into an influential circle of European and American avant-garde artists, most notably working with Marcel Duchamp as friend, partner and patron.

The SIA (which continued until 1944 and also had a Mexican chapter) were a group of American and European artists who aimed to support regular exhibitions of contemporary art. It is thought it was based on the French Société des Artistes Indépendants, founded in 1884 (which had rejected Duchamp's 'Nude Descending a Staircase') and which acted as a kind of institutionalized Salon des Refusés. The other founders with Dreier included Marcel Duchamp, William J. Glackens, Albert Gleizes, John Marin, Walter Pach, Man Ray, John Sloan and Joseph Stella. The managing director was Walter Arensberg. Much the same group had been responsible for the Armory Show in 1913, which they quickly aimed to surpass.

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armory show

Lauded as one of the most influential events in the history of American art, the Armory Show has a mythic legacy that rivals the raucous opening of Igor Stravinsky's ballet, The Rite of Spring in Paris. In the wake of previous large independent art exhibitions in France, Germany, Italy, and England, from February 17th to March 15th, 1913, New York's 69th Regiment Armory on Lexington Avenue between 25th and 26th streets was home to approximately 1250 paintings, sculptures, and decorative works by over 300 European and American artists. While the purchase of Cézanne's Hill of the Poor by the Metropolitan Museum of Art signaled an integration of modernism into official art channels, the shock and outrage proported from Duchamp's Nude Descending the Staircase and Matisse's Luxury connected the Armory Show, officially known as The International Exhibition of Modern Art, with an historic avant-garde whose duty was to question the boundaries of art as an institution.
Reconsidering the narratives constructed by Armory Show critics, using the exhibition itself as a lens through which to evaluate their claims, is a two-fold process. The first step is to provide access to the material remnants of the Armory Show, the paintings and sculptures themselves. Though by no means complete, the tour of the Armory Show aims to present a skeleton map of the exhibition as it looked in 1913, with the 69th Regiment Armory divided into 18 individual galleries. Also included is commentary on each area of the exhibition, providing some understanding of how audiences came to see the works at the Armory. The second aspect of the project is an investigation of several widespread contentions held by Armory Show critics. The impact of these assertions on analyses of early 20th-century cultural production in America will be explored as well. These essays are an attempt to detail some of the Show's impact while offering alternatives to critical accounts of the past.
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~museum/armory/entrance.html

Exposição Internacional de Arte Moderna ou Armory Show como ficou conhecida, por ter como local de sede o arsenal (quartel) do sexagésimo nono regimento da Guarda Nacional da cidade de Nova Iorque, foi a primeira mostra de arte moderna organizada nos Estados Unidos, entre 17 de fevereiro e 15 de março de 1913.
O Armory Show foi patrocinado pela Association of American Painters and Sculptors, por iniciativa de Walter Pach, Arthur B. Davies e Walt Kuhn.
Foram exibidas mil duzentas e cinquenta obras entre pintura, escultura e arte decorativa. Desse total, cerca de trezentos trabalhos representavam a produção vanguardista europeia e americana. Os organizadores da exposição conseguiram reunir obras de Ingres, Delacroix, Degas, Cézanne, Renoir, Monet, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Manet, Brancusi, Signac, Raoul Dufy, Braque, Matisse, Duchamp e outros artistas não menos famosos. Estavam , portanto, ali representados nomes ligados ao impressionismo, expressionismo, fauvismo e cubismo, o que havia de mais atual na pintura européia.
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armory_Show